See -esse in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ess"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:-esse<ety:der<la-lat:-issa>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐσσᾰ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-issa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-esse\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-esse\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"-esse\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse from Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-es",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ess",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eyse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ysse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iss",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yss",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of otherwise male nouns denoting beings or persons."
],
"id": "en--esse-enm-suffix-enm:_ess",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"male",
"male#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:-ess"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "displaced",
"translation": "displaced",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -yssh"
],
"id": "en--esse-enm-suffix-TQ43QIdY",
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-ess"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "fro:-esse<ety:der<la-lat:-issa>>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"-ῐσσᾰ\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Late Latin\", \"term\" : \"-issa\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-lat\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"-esse\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"-esse\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" }\" data-lang=\"enm\" data-title=\"-esse\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "-esse"
},
"expansion": "Old French -esse",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la",
"3": "-issa"
},
"expansion": "Latin -issa",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "grc",
"3": "-ισσα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French -esse from Latin -issa, from Ancient Greek -ισσα (-issa).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-es",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ess",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-asse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-as",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eyse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-eis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-isse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ysse",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iss",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yss",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ys",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-is",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of otherwise male nouns denoting beings or persons."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
],
[
"male",
"male#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:-ess"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "displaced",
"translation": "displaced",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French suffixes",
"Middle French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Middle French terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms inherited from Late Latin",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-esse",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-yssh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -yssh"
],
"links": [
[
"-yssh",
"-yssh#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-esse"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -esse meaning in Middle English (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-05-01 using wiktextract (f3d3fdb and ae80fde). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.